[DSRP Evidence](https://dsrpevidence.org/)

# Ball–Dot–Hole

## Details

**Reported in** Perspectives Organize Information in Mind and Nature (P)

**Authors** Cabrera D, Cabrera L, Cabrera E

**Year** 2022

**Publisher** Systems 10(3):52

[Read it at the publisher](https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030052) 
10.3390/systems10030052

## In authors' words

### Who or what was studied (sample)

N = 407

### How they did it (methods)

Shown one circle, choose ball, dot or hole; then say why not the others. The mirrored reversal of the Waldo design — here the view is supplied and the point is asked for.

Badges: reversal design

### What they found (results)

Ball 60.7%, hole 34.9%, dot 4.4%. Choice tracked the coded reason: 72.7% of those reasoning from 'boundary' chose hole.

## Commentary

### Response

Corrected from earlier phrasing: no reaction time is measured anywhere in the corpus. The demonstrated effect is on accuracy, not speed.

Shows the structure is there

## Questions it bears on

- Q3. [Does this organization (O) exist in the mind, and in what minds produce?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/completeness-mind)
- Q11. [What are perception and attention?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/perception-attention)

**How to cite this** Cabrera D, Cabrera L, Cabrera E (2022). Ball–Dot–Hole. Systems 10(3):52.