[DSRP Evidence](https://dsrpevidence.org/)

# The Thinking Quotient (TQ)

Updated Psychometric Validation and Domain Reliability (2025 dataset)

## Details

**Authors** Cabrera D, Cabrera L

**Year** 2025

**Publisher** Journal of Systems Thinking (in press)

[Read it](http://scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=a1975cb6-d2d7-41a9-b57d-34a55228cc2d)

## In authors' words

### Abstract

For decades, systems thinking has been treated as an essential but elusive skill—praised for its importance, yet lacking a clear definition, measurable structure, or validated means of development. The Thinking Quotient (TQ) advances this gap by providing the first empirically validated skill-metric for systems thinking, continuing a research program that began with the Systems Thinking and Metacognitive Inventory (STMI). Unlike traditional psychometric instruments that measure traits, TQ functions as an edumetric assessment: it quantifies learnable cognitive performance based on structural organization of thought, not personality or belief. Grounded in O-Theory, DSRP Theory, and the Cognitive Law of Thinking (𝕄 = I·O), TQ operationalizes the four universal cognitive patterns—Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (DSRP)—as measurable elements of structural thinking. This study reports further validation of TQ (STMI v4.0), including reliability analyses, ordinal adjustments, and a bifactor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using polychoric estimation. The results demonstrate high internal consistency (α = .87, ω total = .88 overall), excellent model fit (CFI = .986, TLI = .985, RMSEA = .016), and strong evidence for a dominant general systems-thinking factor (ω hierarchical ≈ .70) supported by smaller, domain-specific DSRP subskills (ω specific ≈ .10–.25). Together, these findings confirm that systems thinking can be scientifically measured as a trainable, structural skill—one that develops through explicit practice (the Six Moves), can be tracked quantitatively (TQ), and bridges the gap between theory and real-world performance improvement.

## Questions it bears on

- Q21. [What is bias (B)?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/bias)
- Q22. [What is mental fitness (F)?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/mental-fitness)
- Q23. [Can people become more mentally fit?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/fitness-can-increase)
- Q24. [Does awareness of organization (O) increase mental fitness?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/o-awareness-works)
- Q25. [Does practice in organization (O) increase mental fitness?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/o-practice-works)
- Q26. [Can mental fitness and its mechanisms be measured?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/fitness-measurable)
- Q27. [Does measuring mental fitness improve it?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/measuring-improves)
- Q28. [Does improving mental fitness improve outcomes?](https://dsrpevidence.org/question/fitness-improves-outcomes)

**How to cite this** Cabrera D, Cabrera L (2025). The Thinking Quotient (TQ): Updated Psychometric Validation and Domain Reliability (2025 dataset). Journal of Systems Thinking (in press).