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# Reverse or Reflexive Transnationalism? Second-Generation Turkish-Germans' Engagements With 'Here' and 'There' After Return Migration

## Details

**Authors** King & Kılınç

**Year** 2026

**Publisher** International Migration Review

**Discipline** Demography

[Read it at the publisher](https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183261484134) 
10.1177/01979183261484134

## In authors' words

### What they found (results)

Based on 71 life-story narratives, second-generation Turkish-German return migrants who found life in Turkey did not match expectations either reoriented back toward Germany ('reverse transnationalism') or actively held both countries in view at once, switching between the two national vantage points to manage identity ('reflexive transnationalism').

## Commentary

### In short

The same homeland and life circumstances are evaluated differently depending on which national vantage point the migrant currently occupies, a direct empirical instance of perspective-dependent meaning.

**Patterns it shows** P

**Added** 2026-09-10

**How to cite this** King & Kılınç (2026). Reverse or Reflexive Transnationalism? Second-Generation Turkish-Germans' Engagements With 'Here' and 'There' After Return Migration. International Migration Review.