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# A Systems Approach to Addressing Human Challenges

## Details

**Authors** Habbal et al.

**Year** 2024

**Publisher** Reshaping Engineering Education (Springer, Singapore), ch. 2

**Kind of work** article

**Discipline** Engineering

**Kind of engagement** scholarly

**Applied** false

[Read it at the publisher](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5873-3_2) 
10.1007/978-981-99-5873-3_2

## In authors' words

### What they found (results)

Produces a systems-approach treatment of engineering education challenges, including worked systems maps showing purpose-dependent boundary setting, nested part–whole components, feedback with time delays, and perspective-bound problem definition.

## Commentary

### In short

Teaches and applies Cabrera and Cabrera's four concepts — with the Plectica mapping software — as the method for analysing complex human and educational challenges in engineering education.

**Patterns it shows** D, S, R, P

**Added** 2026-10-03

**How to cite this** Habbal et al. (2024). A Systems Approach to Addressing Human Challenges. Reshaping Engineering Education (Springer, Singapore), ch. 2.