[DSRP Evidence](https://dsrpevidence.org/) # Relationships R = (a ↔ r) — action and reaction, each implying the other. 132 independent studies show this pattern. - ["Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine" (Book Review)](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/4) — Norbert Wiener, 1951. The structure of a feedback loop is a critical relationship that allows the System to react to its environment and potentially restructure itself in response. Ultimately, the feed… - [Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/12) — Rittel and Webber, 1973. A deeper understanding of the Systems and wicked problems they face, leads to identifying the root causes of the problem in the first place - [On the Concept of a System](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/13) — Marchal, 1975. Marchal is essentially drawing a line between Distinctions and Systems for us. One is able to turn a system into a distinction, and Marchal acknowledges later that systems are als… - [Logical reasoning, world knowledge, and mental imagery: Interconnections in cognitive processes](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/25) — Clement and Falmagne, 1986. The more content one has access to and can actively create interconnections between, the better they perform when tested for comprehension. Relatedness (R) allows us to access sch… - [Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/33) — Harris et al., 1996. Overall, this research demonstrates that young children have the ability to recognize and articulate the action and reactions within Relationships. - [Categorization in infancy](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/48) — Mareschal and Quinn, 2001. Their research demonstrated that the Distinction making process begins early in life, and leads one to see that Distinction making is also an essential part of categorization. Thi… - [HIFa Targeted for VHL-Mediated Destruction by Proline Hydroxylation: Implications for O2 Sensing](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/51) — Ivan et. al., 2001. Non-neural entities such as cells have the ability to make distinctions, speaking to the fundamentality of the D,S,R, and P patterns. - [Procedural learning in perceptual categorization](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/63) — Ashby et al., 2003. Categorization of objects and information developed through making distinctions and forming a physical relationship to them, resulted in categorization. - [The role of similarity in the development of categorization](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/64) — Sloutsky, 2003. The use of parts to figure out where the whole object belongs requires not only Systems, but Distinctions and Relationships. - [A Theory of Causal Learning in Children: Causal Maps and Bayes Nets](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/65) — Gopnik et al., 2004. Children are fundamentally able to build complex relationships and utilize the Rar structure. - [Causal Learning Across Domains](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/67) — Schulz and Gopnik, 2004. This data is indicative of the power and prevalence of Relationships, and how early they come into play cognitively. In particular, it shows that young children can learn to be mo… - [Making sense of it all: bacterial chemotaxis](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/72) — Wadhams and Armitage, 2004. The response requires the organism to Distinguish between the different types of stimuli. - [Knowledge partitioning in categorization: Boundary conditions](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/83) — Lewandowsky et al., 2006. Their work led them to believe that partitioning (aka, creating a boundary between two or more things) is a pervasive aspect of categorization (aka, grouping things according to t… - [Systems and Distinctions; Duality and Complementarity](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/92) — Goguen and Varela, 2007. There is no whole system without an interconnection of its parts; and there is no whole system without an environment. Such pairs are mutually interdependent: each defines the oth… - [Can There Be Such a Thing as Embodied Embedded Cognitive Neuroscience?](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/100) — Dijk et al., 2008. They imply that the Relationship between the brain and the outside world is essential to the brain’s success. The sensory inputs of the brain and body all help D, S, R, and P to o… - [Directional sensing during chemotaxis](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/105) — Janetopoulos and Firtel, 2008. Chemotaxis is a way to explore the basic expressions of the D, S, R, and P patterns. - [The conceptual grouping effect: Categories matter (and named categories matter more)](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/120) — Lupyan, 2008. Provided as a prime, the label (a Distinguished identity) is, in effect, used by the respondent as a framing Perspective to more quickly identify the identities that will be group… - [Concepts and Categories: A Cognitive Neuropsychological Perspective](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/126) — Mahon and Caramazza, 2009. Progress in understanding the causes of category specificity in one region of the brain, or one functional component of a cognitive model, will require an understanding of how cat… - [Making Connections](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/134) — Greene, 2010. Social interactions can pose our greatest predictive challenges and may well have been a major impetus, among our pre human ancestors, for the evolution of astounding learning abi… - [Social Identification Structures the Effects of Perspective Taking](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/146) — Tarrant et al., 2012. A solution for this issue highlighted in the article is to include in the exercise a discussion of not only Perspectives, but also Distinctions, Systems, and Relationships. - [The cradle of causal reasoning: newborns’ preference for physical causality](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/153) — Mascalzoni et al., 2013. This study demonstrates a newborn’s visual perception of causal relationships, and it’s similarity to that same mechanism found in adults. - [Visual Adaptation of the Perception of Causality](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/156) — Rolfs et al., 2013. Humans have the ability to “fill in the blanks” between cause and effect in the case of predicting where a ball will land once it’s been thrown in the air for example. The brain (… - [Topological Self-Organization and Prediction Learning Support Both Action and Lexical Chains in the Brain](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/176) — Chersi et al., 2014. Relationships and the systems of data support many critically important processes such as language development, working memory, and sequencing of information. Neural coding of inf… - [Prelinguistic Relational Concepts: Investigating Analogical Processing in Infants](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/182) — Ferry et al., 2015. While Relationships can be abstracted universally as a purely structural cognitive act, they are also content specific (that is the relationship itself is distinguishable by addit… - [Vapour-mediated sensing and motility in two-component droplets](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/188) — Cira et al., 2015. The water droplets are Distinguishing between the other droplets to Perspectivaly organize themselves into larger droplets. - [What is the nature of causality in the brain?](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/189) — Dhamala, 2015. That relationships exist in mind and nature is established, such that the new emphasis needs to be one increasing human awareness of them and the power in seeing the relationships… - [Habituation in non-neural organisms: evidence from slime moulds](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/206) — Boisseau et al, 2016. The point of this and many other similar researches into unicellular and multicellular organisms, plants, etc, is that even non-neural organisms can learn and are building little… - [Naming influences 9-month-olds’ identification of discrete categories along a perceptual continuum](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/211) — Havy and Waxman, 2016. This implies that the addition of Distinctions i.e., naming) to the Systems (i.e., categories) the infants are trying to make aids in their forming part-whole systems and even can… - [Categories and Constraints in Causal Perception](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/227) — Kominsky et al., 2017. This early-on development of Relationships indicates that Relationships are therefore an inherent part of human thought. It is clear that the cognitive, emotional, and conative ab… - [Preschoolers’ Development of Theory of Mind: The Contribution of Understanding Psychological Causality in Stories](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/257) — Sanefuji and Haryu, 2018. Conscious establishment of sequential relationships in the first experiment also increased the subject’s ability to take new perspectives and see alternatives to the sequence as i… - [Retinotectal circuitry of larval zebrafish is adapted to detection and pursuit of prey](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/287) — Forster et al., 2020. This inherent Distinguishing ability allows the larval zebrafish to hunt effectively. This also further supports the evidence that the Distinction simple rule is inherently built… - [Causal Inference Gates Corticostriatal Learning](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/297) — Dorfman et al., 2021. Learning depends on relating an outcome to whether it was the reaction to one's own action. - [Neural dynamics of causal inference in the macaque frontoparietal circuit](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/333) — Qi et al., 2022. The brain infers whether distinct signals share a common cause. - [Understanding the What and When of Analogical Reasoning Across Analogy Formats: An Eye-Tracking and Machine Learning Approach](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/351) — Thibaut et al., 2022. Analogy extracts a relation from a source pair (action) and projects that relational structure onto a target pair (reaction) as a directed mapping. - [Infants' understanding of the causal power of agents and tools](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/387) — Adibpour & Hochmann, 2023. Infants relate events as action and reaction (causal power). - [Predictability alters information flow during action observation in human electrocorticographic activity](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/398) — Qin et al., 2023. Action perception couples a bottom-up sensory stream (action) with a top-down predictive stream (reaction), and predictability re-weights the feedforward/feedback balance. - [Relational complexity influences analogical reasoning ability](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/403) — Leonard et al., 2023. Reasoning operates on relationships between relationships (analogy). - [Neural Correlates of Analogical Reasoning on Syntactic Patterns](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/445) — Li et al., 2024. Analogy relates relations to relations (second-order relating), with its own neural substrate. - [Environmental context alters plant-soil feedback effects on plant coexistence](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/470) — Collings et al., 2025. A plant and its soil form a two-way causal loop -- the plant conditions the soil biota (action) and the conditioned soil reciprocally alters the plant's performance (reaction) --… - [A comparative study on the names of higher education institutions in China and the United States: quantitative linguistic approaches](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/514) — Zhu et al., 2026. The whole corpus of names exhibits a statistical regularity invisible in any individual name, and a macro-level governance structure is treated as a relational driver of that dive… - [A demonstration that classical gravity does not produce entanglement](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/517) — Schneider et al., 2026. The finding turns on distinguishing classical from quantum gravity as the causal mediator of a relationship between two particles, ruling out one candidate relationship-carrier so… - [A game-theoretic attack-defense framework for the study of network resilience](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/518) — Zhao et al., 2026. Network resilience emerges from the coupled relationship between attacker and defender rather than from network topology alone. Optimal strategies depend on distinguishing structu… - [A selection-aware view of black hole–galaxy coevolution at high redshift](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/522) — Ziparo et al., 2026. The black hole (part) and its host galaxy (whole system) are coupled through a mass-scaling relationship whose average form is fixed early in cosmic history, while system-level di… - [A Sequential Markov Probabilistic Aggregation Algorithm for Causal Emergence in Markov Aggregation](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/523) — Hou & Dai, 2026. The study demonstrates that probabilistically aggregated macrostates can possess greater causal information than the microstates from which they are constructed. - [A theory of political divergence and gradual institutional change](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/524) — Yang, 2026. Institutions and social structures are modeled as a system whose long-run trajectory is produced by shifting relationships (coalitions) among its parts (rulers, elites, commoners)… - [Adaptive zones of feliforms and evolutionary regimes within terrestrial mammalian carnivores](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/525) — Barrett et al., 2026. Whether tooth shape predicts diet (a relationship) depends on which adaptive-zone category (a distinction) a carnivore lineage occupies, within a broader system of evolutionary re… - [Amplified cooling of Snowball Earth from a salt-albedo feedback](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/527) — Samuelsberg et al., 2026. A self-reinforcing causal feedback loop, once a temperature threshold is crossed, locks the climate system into one of two qualitatively distinct stable states. - [Ancient DNA reveals early use of melons in China's Song dynasty](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/528) — Renner et al., 2026. A categorical distinction (a non-dessert melon type unlike modern varieties) is explained by a relational/historical connection — a trade-route origin — rather than by independent… - [Animal degradation of microbial storage polyhydroxyalkanoates](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/529) — Zeidler et al., 2026. A previously unrecognized trophic connection between animals and microbial carbon reserves redraws the category boundary of what counts as food. - [Approaching an unknown communication system by latent space exploration and causal inference](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/530) — Beguš et al., 2026. An AI model is used to infer the internal structure of another species' communication system from an outside vantage point, with no shared frame of reference or ground-truth label… - [Arabic morphology: from morphome to morpheme](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/531) — Camilleri and Idrissi, 2026. A verb form is shown to be a whole composed of interacting structural parts, and the identical formal part is classified into different categories depending on which dialect syste… - [Are Voters Myopic or Looking for Improvement?](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/532) — Prior et al., 2026. Testing two rival explanations of voter judgment shows the one that survives is fundamentally relational: voters track the direction of change across a sequence of outcomes, not a… - [Articles are inversely associated with inflectional case in Indo-European](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/533) — Goldstein, 2026. Case-marking and articles function as alternative substructures for encoding the same referential function within one grammatical system, so as one part shrinks the other expands… - [Beyond the mole: redefining harbour capacity for the ancient Mediterranean](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/535) — Nantet et al., 2026. A harbour's true functional capacity is a property of the whole integrated system (formal basin plus surrounding anchorage zones), not of its most visible built part alone, and th… - [Central role of Labrador Sea convection for transport of oxygen into the deep North Atlantic Ocean](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/536) — Miller et al., 2026. Deep convection is the causal mechanism (R) that redistributes oxygen, and the whole ventilation budget only balances once two distinct component parts — local air-sea exchange an… - [Climate warming drives thermal shocks and accelerated freshwater habitat fragmentation](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/538) — Wang et al., 2026. A smooth, continuous cause (gradual warming) is shown to cross discrete thermal thresholds that carve a once-continuous habitat system into disconnected fragments, turning a relat… - [Co-Opetitive Bridging Structure in Rumor Cascades: A Multilayer Overlapping Community Approach with Information-Theoretic Characterization](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/539) — Sun & Liu, 2026. A social system decomposes into overlapping camps (systems) whose members are cleanly separated by role (distinctions) and which relate to each other with opposite valence within… - [Composite value index of design patent indicators](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/540) — Thoma, 2026. The study shows that combining multiple patent indicators into a single composite index produces predictive value beyond that of the individual indicators. - [Cultural capital and the social origin pay gap in the UK: Do you like the opera?](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/546) — Vallely, 2026. Cultural capital acts as a relationship that changes the strength of the link between social origin and pay, and that effect itself differs across distinct social-origin categorie… - [Datafied Kinship](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/547) — Hashmi et al., 2026. Individual identity is constituted through relations to other identified individuals rather than by attributes alone (R), and a person's status depends on their position within th… - [Deimos's shape and geology explained by a subcatastrophic impact](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/548) — Raducan et al., 2026. The finding turns on a sharp contrast between Deimos's smooth, weak, porous surface and that of its sibling moon Phobos and the Moon's regolith, resolved by identifying a single c… - [Democracy as a frame: Contested meanings of democracy, frame reclaiming, and mass mobilization in Israel](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/549) — Sicron, 2026. Two rival movements adopt different vantage points (frames) on the same concept, and the distinction between the content of those frames relates causally to how much public mobili… - [Disconnection of the late Pliocene Agulhas Leakage from Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/551) — Hou et al., 2026. The study examines how the causal relationship between two major ocean circulation systems breaks down, creating distinct connected and disconnected circulation regimes. - [Dissecting pleiotropy between major depressive disorder and physical disease comorbidities](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/552) — Woodward et al., 2026. The whole genetic architecture of a disorder is decomposed into distinct disease-cluster categories, and the shared genetic liability between those categories and the disorder con… - [Dynamic Rupture Process of the 2025 Mw 7.1 Dingri, Tibet, Earthquake: Insights into the Role of Fault Geometry and Stress Heterogeneity](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/555) — Xie, 2026. Asymmetric pre-existing stress is shown to causally control how the rupture propagates (R), and a geometric bend in the fault acts as a discrete stress-concentration boundary shar… - [Earthquake-triggered cascading hazards under Arctic amplification](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/557) — de Melo et al., 2026. Decades of climate warming causally weaken rock stability through a multi-system chain — warming, permafrost thaw, slope failure — producing an event categorically unprecedented i… - [Emergent metastable behavior in a resource-constrained network of exclusion processes](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/559) — Bhatia et al., 2026. The network's behaviour belongs to the whole and to no lane in it, and it arises because the parts are coupled through a shared pool. The phases themselves are boundaries: the sys… - [Evaluating Context in LLM Prompts for Causal Inference in Empirical Sustainability Studies](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/561) — Zhang and Fan, 2026. An AI system can correctly identify causal relationships and their direction yet fail at the accompanying distinction task of bounding which connections genuinely belong, revealin… - [Evidence for the first globular cluster stellar stream beyond the Milky Way](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/562) — Holm et al., 2026. A visible part (a thin stellar stream) is used to infer the invisible whole (the galaxy's total gravitational mass), with the gap between visible and total mass read out as dark m… - [Examining the Dynamics of Mind-Wandering During Music Listening: A Network Perspective](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/563) — Taruffi and Vroegh, 2026. Subjective experience is modeled not as isolated variables but as a set of interacting parts (DSR), with the pattern and strength of those connections doing the explanatory work. - [Exhumation of Grand Canyon's basement along the Great Escarpment of Laurentia](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/564) — Gernon et al., 2026. A continent-scale rift-flank system (the whole) explains spatially varying local erosion depths (the parts) through a distance-dependent causal relationship, framed against a shar… - [Failure to track a stable AMOC state under rapid climate change](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/566) — van Westen et al., 2026. The AMOC's fate turns on the relationship between forcing rate and system response, not on a fixed state boundary — the same distinction (stable vs. collapsed) sits at a different… - [Framing and Willingness to Pay for a Local Health Department: Evidence from a COVID-19 Contingent Valuation Experiment](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/568) — Orgill-Meyer et al., 2026. The study tests whether willingness to pay is driven by message framing or by the observer's political perspective. - [Functional percolation: criticality of form and function](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/573) — Wilkerson, 2026. A whole-network structural transition (percolation threshold) creates a sharp boundary that simultaneously reorganizes the functional relationships and information flows the syste… - [Gendered exit and displacement: Social reproduction and automation in Bangladesh's garment industry](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/574) — Deb and Rahman, 2026. One macro outcome is decomposed into two sub-mechanisms — a part–whole move — and each is then given a direction of effect on the outcome. - [Giant Spin-Electric Coupling in Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimers](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/575) — Lu et al., 2026. The giant magnetoelectric effect is a relationship (electric field controlling spin coupling) that exists only because the two metal centers in the dimer are categorically distinc… - [Global estimation of bankfull river discharge reveals distinct flood recurrences across climate zones](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/576) — Liu et al., 2026. The correct discharge-to-return-period relationship only emerges once rivers are sorted into climate-zone categories rather than treated as one undifferentiated global class. - [Graphite lubricates Mercury's global contraction](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/577) — Vergara Sassarini et al., 2026. A buried compositional layer nested within the crust mediates the causal link between interior cooling and the surface fault geometry actually observed. - [Green Infrastructure as a Climate Shield: Nonlinear Flood Response and Extremes Saturation in a Tropical Andean Urban Watershed](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/578) — Sánchez-Balseca et al., 2026. Land cover is a part of the watershed and flood behaviour a property of the whole, so the finding is part–whole; the effect of cover on peak flow is action and reaction; and satur… - [Hadley circulation drives material isolation and pole-to-pole teleconnection on Mars](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/579) — Fan et al., 2026. A single coherent circulation system (the whole) creates a dynamical boundary that isolates material inside versus outside it (a distinction), while that same whole-system structu… - [HawkesRank: Event-driven centrality for real-time importance ranking](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/580) — Sornette et al., 2026. Reframing a network's importance structure as a relational, whole-system property — separating self-generated from externally triggered activity — recovers classic static centrali… - [Homophily in grant evaluations](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/583) — Fuchs-Schündeln et al., 2026. The same proposal receives a different evaluation depending on the reviewer's own vantage point and identity, and that shift is quantified as a measurable relational match effect… - [How Norms Depend on the Presence and Status of Observers: The Relational Contingency of Everyday Behaviors in 90 Societies](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/584) — Simpson et al., 2026. Whether a behavior is judged appropriate is set relationally by who is watching and from what social standing, so the observing relationship functions as a perspective that resets… - [Hydraulic traits govern opposing range shifts of montane trees under warming](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/585) — Zhang et al., 2026. The causal effect of a single driver (warming) on an outcome (range-shift direction) is not fixed but is routed through which relationship-path a species falls on, and that routin… - [Interaction-driven flat band and charge order in Fe5GeTe2](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/589) — Gao et al., 2026. The result is a whole-system emergent behavior — large groups of electrons collectively slowed while remaining quantum-coherent, unlike any single electron — that is itself couple… - [Interactions between Mechanisms of Reproductive Isolation](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/590) — Blanckaert et al., 2026. Species boundaries emerge from the interaction of ecological, behavioral, and genetic isolation mechanisms rather than from any single factor alone, independently instantiating Di… - [Leading From the Front: Leadership Fitness Is Associated with Fire Station Crew Fitness](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/598) — Martin et al., 2026. A relationship (leader fitness predicts crew fitness) is only load-bearing when a systems condition holds: the leadership sub-structure must be complete (captain and lieutenant bo… - [Male production in green sea turtles under a feminizing climate: A validated model of sex ratios with temperature-dependent sex determination](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/603) — Girondot et al., 2026. Whether a nest counts as male- or female-producing depends on the scale at which temperature is measured — mean nest temperature versus fine-grained within-nest variation — so the… - [Modeling the combined effects of the 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake and an Atmospheric River event on landslide hazard](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/605) — Jimenez et al., 2026. Landslide hazard is not a sum of two independent risk factors but an emergent property of how the earthquake and rainfall subsystems relate in time — their sequencing shifts the c… - [More Links but Fewer Effective Routes: Entropy and Resilience in Global Lithium, Cobalt and Nickel Trade Networks](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/606) — Liu et al., 2026. The network's whole-level functional property (route diversity, resilience) does not scale with the simple count of its parts (links), and entropy is used as a relational bridge c… - [Multilayer soil moisture depletion intensifies drought impacts on global ecosystems](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/608) — Gu et al., 2026. Soil is treated as a layered system whose parts (individual depth layers) combine to buffer drought, and the vantage point used to measure it (single profile-average versus per-la… - [Nigeria's time-varying inflation threshold and asymmetric exchange-rate pass-through under changing fiscal and structural conditions](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/609) — Salami, 2026. Which side of a distinction (above vs. below an inflation threshold) a system sits on determines whether one variable (currency depreciation) affects another (inflation) at all —… - [Numerous bow shocks in the outer Helix Nebula](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/611) — van Dokkum et al., 2026. The bow shocks are the direct signature of ejecta fragments (parts) colliding with the interstellar medium (R), and their loss of coherence over ~10,000 years marks the transition… - [One hundred and twenty-three years of nitrogen inputs and outputs at a forested watershed in central Appalachia](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/613) — Peterjohn, 2026. The study examines how a watershed functions as an integrated system whose long-term outputs depend on historical inputs and a threshold governing nitrogen release. - [Pangenome-guided breeding restores high-altitude adaptation and improves yield in Tartary buckwheat](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/617) — Zhang et al., 2026. A gene's presence or absence across cultivars is a hard distinction (D), located within the structural-variant architecture of the whole pangenome (S), and its combination with a… - [Partisan bias in a sorted party system: A problem of epistemic inequality](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/618) — Pottle, 2026. Whether a person's testimony is believed depends on the listener's partisan vantage point on the speaker's social group, a perspective-dependent credibility judgment that is causa… - [Perception gaps in the British Parliament reveal a possible pathway to stronger climate policy action](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/619) — Tanase et al., 2026. Members of Parliament's internal model of what the public believes is measurably different from the public's actual position as captured by independent polling, and this perspecti… - [Planetary energy budget during abrupt glacial climate events set by Atlantic Ocean heat valve](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/620) — Buizert et al., 2026. A single subsystem (the AMOC) is shown to govern the behavior of the entire planetary system it sits within, and it does so by actively driving the planet's energy balance rather… - [Preserved diastolic carotid blood flow is associated with higher diastolic aortic pressure in lifelong female pearl divers](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/622) — Sakamoto et al., 2026. Comparing a group defined by lifelong extreme exposure against controls reveals a causal chain in which lower arterial stiffness mediates preserved diastolic blood flow — a relati… - [Recent hybridization burst in diploid-tetraploid Cardamine contact zones in the Apennines: Are allotriploids threatening the persistence of parental species?](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/624) — Majerová et al., 2026. A categorical boundary long assumed to separate two species turns out to be porous, sustained only by an active cross-boundary relationship. - [Redefining biologically borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a data-driven reassessment of CA19-9 cutoff and a preoperative lymph node metastasis prediction model](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/625) — Yamada et al., 2026. Where a diagnostic boundary is drawn determines which patients are grouped together, and moving that boundary to match the real prognostic split reveals a survival relationship th… - [Reference-Dependent Preferences and Sentiment-Driven Asset Prices](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/627) — Benhabib et al., 2026. Asset values are shown to depend on investors' reference point (a perspective that reframes identical fundamentals), which then feeds back causally into prices, coupling a perspec… - [Research on the causal mechanism of prefabricated building accidents: a comprehensive framework integrating association rule mining and graph neural network](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/628) — Liu et al., 2026. The finding is incomplete without both a relational reading -- causal chains and bridging factors that propagate risk from one accident factor to another -- and a systems reading,… - [Rising Sex Ratio and Labor Supply of the Urban Elderly in China](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/631) — Kuang et al., 2026. A market-level imbalance causally propagates into individual economic behavior, but only through the categorical distinction between fathers of sons and fathers of daughters. - [Rotational broadening of exoplanet spectra in arbitrarily oriented systems: Application to reflected light](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/632) — Vaughan et al., 2026. The same physical planet yields a substantially different measured signal purely as a function of the geometric vantage point from which it is observed, with the broadening kernel… - [Senior Bureaucrats, Coalitions and the Quality of Government: Accounting for Effective Governance in Fragmented Settings](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/636) — Borges et al., 2026. The effect of cabinet fragmentation depends on how it interacts with bureaucratic recruitment structures, demonstrating that governance quality emerges from relationships among ne… - [Shrub-mediated vertical coupling regulates Holocene ecosystem variability and transition dynamics](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/638) — Wang et al., 2026. A part of the whole system (the shrub layer) is shown to mediate the relationship between two other parts (canopy and ground vegetation), and the nature of that relationship itsel… - [Signal-induced recruitment and dispatchment in reconfigurable phase-separated protocell networks](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/639) — Yin et al., 2026. A chemical signal acting on protocells (R) flips a phase-compatibility boundary that gates membership in a shared droplet phase (D), and the resulting recruit/dispatch dynamics as… - [Socioeconomic inequalities in functional ageing trajectories in England and Canada: A comparative longitudinal cohort study](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/640) — Schrempft et al., 2026. Crossing a wealth boundary (poorest vs. wealthiest) is tied to a large, measurable difference in the rate of physical decline, linking a categorical distinction to a causal-scale… - [Sustained ash emission during lava effusion is a hidden volcanic hazard of silicic eruptions](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/648) — Zhang et al., 2026. A mis-drawn categorical distinction (effusive vs. explosive eruption style) causes a real physical process to be systematically overlooked by hazard classification. - [Systematic Underestimation of Nonlinear and Synergistic Soil Moisture-Precipitation Coupling in Convection-Permitting Models](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/650) — Gao et al., 2026. The paper's core contribution is quantifying how strongly one Earth-system variable acts on another beyond mere co-occurrence, showing that simple correlational framing badly unde… - [TGW1a locus simultaneously shortens growth duration and boosts grain yield in rice](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/656) — Li et al., 2026. One locus's dual-trait effect is explained by a protein-interaction relationship plus a restructured genetic linkage — decoupling (D) two previously coupled traits lets them vary… - [The co-constructed ethnographer: Fieldwork with children and the relational production of positionality](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/658) — Sequeira, 2026. The observer's vantage point is not a fixed attribute but is actively produced through interaction with those being studied — perspective as an emergent, relationally-constructed… - [The dominant role of temperature in seasonal ozone sensitivity changes in China](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/660) — Wang et al., 2026. The study identifies temperature as the primary driver of seasonal shifts between VOC-limited and NOx-limited ozone regimes. - [The global structure of classroom social networks predicts academic and psycho-social adjustment](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/663) — Neuendorf et al., 2026. The classroom as an aggregated whole carries predictive information absent from any individual student's data, and distinct relationship types prove non-interchangeable in what th… - [The role of root semantics in determining argument alternations](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/666) — Beavers and Jerro, 2026. A verb's argument-alternation behavior is a whole composed of two interacting parts (event template and semantic root) whose combination is not reducible to either part, and the r… - [Topographic accessibility and proto-urban settlement organization in Neolithic China](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/668) — Cheng et al., 2026. The relationship between a driving factor (terrain accessibility) and the organization of a system (settlement distribution) is shown to be historically contingent — strengthening… - [Tropical–Extratropical Teleconnection of the Winter Atlantic Niño in a Climate Model](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/672) — Gil-Reyes et al., 2026. A teleconnection is action and reaction across distance: a change in one place produces a specific change in another, with the direction of the effect established. - [Turbulent seismoacoustic imprints during a hurricane landfall](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/673) — Ji et al., 2026. The hurricane's boundary-layer turbulence is a single phenomenon that discloses itself differently depending on the sensing modality (seismometer/infrasound vs. anemometer tower),… - [Two-stage AHP–AHP optimization of forage turnip–pea mixtures based on LER, yield and quality](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/674) — Yıldırım et al., 2026. The turnip-pea intercrop is treated as a whole system whose combined yield is compared against its parts grown apart, with the interspecies relationship between the two crops driv… - [Untrustworthy sources on Facebook and Instagram in 2020: Concentrated exposure but no attitudinal effects](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/676) — Bergeron-Boutin et al., 2026. The study tests whether exposure to untrustworthy social media sources causally influences political attitudes. - [Virus Acquisition and Retention Periods for Transmission of Triticum Mosaic Virus by the Wheat Curl Mite](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/677) — Knoell et al., 2026. The paper quantifies the action/reaction dynamics of a vector-virus-plant relationship over time, an independently derived Relationships finding. - [Weak evolution of cosmic atomic hydrogen over the past 4.5 billion years](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/678) — Zhang et al., 2026. A whole system's output (galaxy-wide star formation) is governed by an intervening relationship — the efficiency of converting one part (atomic gas) into the form actually usable… - [Youth Subjective Life Expectancy and Early Labor Market Choices](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/682) — Finamor et al., 2026. Each young person's self-modeled forecast of their own future — an internal vantage point that diverges from actuarial reality — is the causal variable (P), and this subjective be… - [Dynamical friction in stratified stellar envelopes](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/685) — Damien Gagnier, 2026. The finding shows that the force felt by an orbiting body (a part) depends on the global structure of the medium as a whole, not merely on the medium's local properties at the bod… - [Global Kilometer-Scale Simulations with ARP-GEM2: Effect of Parameterized Convection and Calibration](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/686) — Olivier Geoffroy, David Saint-Martin, 2026. The finding shows that the atmosphere's small-scale convective processes (parts) remain important to the whole system's simulated behavior even as resolution becomes very fine, wi… - [Memory, Crisis and Boundary Hardening: Historical Persecution Narratives and Attitudes Towards Arab Citizens of Israel](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/687) — Yuval Feinstein, Gal Ariely, Daphna Canetti, 2026. The finding shows that strengthening endorsement of a persecution-centered historical narrative is associated with a hardening of the symbolic boundary distinguishing an in-group… - [Why twelve notes? An economic model of scale size and evidence on chromatic pitch-class use in Western classical music, 1485–1963](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/688) — Eamon McGinn, Sergey Alexeev, 2026. The finding shows that a categorical structure — a finite set of discrete pitch classes rather than a continuous pitch space — emerges from a trade-off relationship between the va… - [Gulf of Alaska Coastal Water Transport Pathways and Implications for Ecosystem Response](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/694) — Élise Beaudin, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Mara A. Freilich, Arthur J. Miller, 2026. The finding shows that the offshore ecosystem's nutrient supply depends on relationships between atmospheric forcing and multiple transport pathways, and that the whole transport… - [Knowledge protection and modularity of innovation activities in firms: Evidence from US trade secrecy law](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/695) — Eunkwang Seo, Christopher P. Dinkel, 2026. The finding shows that a change in the legal relationship governing knowledge protection reshapes how a firm's innovation activity is decomposed into more or less separable module… - [Electrode Potential-Programmed Active-Site Ensembles Govern Electrocatalysis](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/696) — Xue-Chun Jiang, Jia-Lan Chen, Wei-Xue Li, Jin-Xun Liu, 2026. The finding treats catalytic activity as a whole-level (ensemble) property that emerges from the shifting mix of its parts (local active-site environments) rather than from any si… - [China's Local Debt Reform for Fiscal Sustainability: Cost Reduction Effect and Allocative Boundary](https://dsrpevidence.org/study/697) — Yongling Wang, Lin Lu, 2026. The finding shows that redrawing the legal boundary of government liability for firm debt produces a relational (causal) effect on borrowing costs that appears only for firms insi…